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Expression Language EL
Last Updated : 26 May, 2026
title: Expression Language EL in JSP
Servlets JSP100 words13 headingsExamples included
title: Expression Language (EL) in JSP description: JSP Expression Language ka complete guide
EL JSP mein ${} syntax se data access karne ka tarika hai. Scriptlet tags se cleaner aur simple alternative.
Basic Syntax
jsp exampleWoHoTech
${expression}Kahan se Data Access Karte Hain
EL automatically in scopes mein search karta hai (page → request → session → application):
${name} <!-- Kisi bhi scope mein "name" attribute -->
${requestScope.name} <!-- Sirf request scope mein -->
${sessionScope.username} <!-- Sirf session mein -->
${applicationScope.count} <!-- Sirf application scope mein -->
${pageScope.localVar} <!-- Sirf current page mein -->
Implicit Objects in EL
${param.name} <!-- request.getParameter("name") -->
${param.age} <!-- request.getParameter("age") -->
${paramValues.hobbies} <!-- request.getParameterValues("hobbies") -->
${header["User-Agent"]} <!-- request.getHeader("User-Agent") -->
${header.host} <!-- request.getHeader("host") -->
${cookie.userId.value} <!-- Cookie "userId" ki value -->
${initParam.dbUrl} <!-- web.xml ka init-param -->
${pageContext.request.method} <!-- GET ya POST -->
${pageContext.request.remoteAddr} <!-- Client IP -->
${pageContext.session.id} <!-- Session ID -->
JavaBean Properties Access
java exampleWoHoTech
// Java class
public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
private Address address;
// getters/setters
}
public class Address {
private String city;
// getters/setters
}<%-- Servlet ne request mein set kiya: request.setAttribute("student", student) --%>
${student.name} <!-- student.getName() -->
${student.age} <!-- student.getAge() -->
${student.address.city} <!-- student.getAddress().getCity() -->
Map aur List Access
<%-- Map --%>
${myMap["key"]} <!-- myMap.get("key") -->
${myMap.key} <!-- Same as above -->
<%-- List / Array --%>
${myList[0]} <!-- myList.get(0) -->
${myArray[2]} <!-- myArray[2] -->
EL Operators
Arithmetic
${10 + 5} <!-- 15 -->
${10 - 3} <!-- 7 -->
${4 * 5} <!-- 20 -->
${10 / 3} <!-- 3.3333... -->
${10 div 3} <!-- Same as / -->
${10 % 3} <!-- 1 -->
${10 mod 3} <!-- Same as % -->
Comparison
jsp exampleWoHoTech
${a == b} ya ${a eq b}
${a != b} ya ${a ne b}
${a < b} ya ${a lt b}
${a > b} ya ${a gt b}
${a <= b} ya ${a le b}
${a >= b} ya ${a ge b}Logical
${a && b} ya ${a and b}
${a || b} ya ${a or b}
${!a} ya ${not a}
Conditional (Ternary)
jsp exampleWoHoTech
${age >= 18 ? "Adult" : "Minor"}
${empty name ? "Guest" : name}empty Operator
${empty name} <!-- null ya empty string? -->
${empty list} <!-- null ya empty collection? -->
${not empty students} <!-- List mein kuch hai? -->
EL JSTL ke Saath
jsp exampleWoHoTech
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<c:forEach var="s" items="${studentList}">
<tr>
<td>${s.id}</td>
<td>${s.name}</td>
<td>${s.marks}</td>
<td>${s.marks >= 90 ? "A" : s.marks >= 75 ? "B" : "C"}</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
<c:if test="${not empty errorMessage}">
<div class="error">${errorMessage}</div>
</c:if>Scriptlet vs EL Comparison
jsp exampleWoHoTech
<%-- Old way: Scriptlet --%>
<% String name = (String) request.getAttribute("name"); %>
<h1>Hello, <%= name %></h1>
<%-- New way: EL --%>
<h1>Hello, ${name}</h1>EL zyada clean, readable aur safe hai. Modern JSP development mein scriptlets avoid karo.
Exam Focus
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Interview Use
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