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PLACE VALUE CHART (4 digits):
Thousands │ Hundreds │ Tens │ Ones
──────────┼──────────┼──────┼──────
3 │ 4 │ 5 │ 6 = 3,456
Reading: 3 thousand 4 hundred fifty-six = 3,456
Expanded form:
3,456 = 3000 + 400 + 50 + 6
Comparing 4-digit numbers:
Compare from LEFT (thousands first):
3,456 > 2,999 (3 thousands > 2 thousands)
4,521 > 4,499 (same thousands, compare hundreds: 5>4)
6,300 < 6,350 (same thousands+hundreds, compare tens: 0<5)
2-digit × 1-digit:
3 4
× 6
─────
2 4 (4×6=24, write 4, carry 2)
1 8 0 (3×6=18, +2 carry=20, write 20)
─────
2 0 4
2-digit × 2-digit:
2 3
× 1 4
─────
9 2 (23×4)
2 3 0 (23×10 = 230, write 0, put 23)
─────
3 2 2
Division = sharing equally
12 ÷ 4 = ?
"How many groups of 4 in 12?"
●●●● ●●●● ●●●● → 3 groups
Answer: 12 ÷ 4 = 3
LONG DIVISION:
35 ÷ 7 = ?
5
7 )35
-35
───
0 (no remainder)
37 ÷ 7 = ?
5 r 2
7 )37
-35
───
2 (remainder = 2)
37 = 7 × 5 + 2
FRACTION = part of a whole
Pizza cut into 4 equal parts:
┌────┬────┐
│ │ │ If you eat 1 piece:
├────┼────┤ 1 piece out of 4 = 1/4
│ │ │ (one-fourth)
└────┴────┘
numerator → 1 (pieces you have)
────────── ─
denominator → 4 (total equal pieces)
Common fractions:
1/2 = one half (pizza cut in 2, take 1)
1/3 = one third (pizza cut in 3, take 1)
1/4 = one quarter (pizza cut in 4, take 1)
3/4 = three quarters (pizza cut in 4, take 3)
Comparing:
1/2 > 1/4 (half is bigger than quarter)
Same top number, BIGGER bottom = SMALLER fraction
NUMBER PATTERNS:
2, 4, 6, 8, 10... (add 2 each time — even numbers)
5, 10, 15, 20... (add 5 — fives table)
1, 3, 5, 7, 9... (add 2 — odd numbers)
1, 2, 4, 8, 16... (double each time)
SYMMETRY — Mirror image:
Line of symmetry divides shape into EQUAL halves
A B C D H I M O T U V W X Y
↑ ↑
These letters have vertical line of symmetry
NOUN: name of person/place/animal/thing
Rahul, India, dog, book, happiness
PRONOUN: replaces a noun
I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us, them
VERB: action or state word
run, eat, sing, IS, ARE, WAS, WERE
ADJECTIVE: describes noun
tall, red, happy, three, first, those
ADVERB: describes verb (how? when? where?)
quickly, slowly, yesterday, here, always
CONJUNCTION: joins words/sentences
and, but, or, because, so, yet, for, nor
PREPOSITION: shows relationship
in, on, at, under, above, behind, between, through
PRESENT:
Simple: She reads every day.
Continuous: She is reading now.
Perfect: She has read the book.
PAST:
Simple: She read yesterday.
Continuous: She was reading when I called.
Perfect: She had read before I arrived.
FUTURE:
Simple: She will read tomorrow.
Continuous: She will be reading at 5pm.
Common irregular verbs:
go→went come→came eat→ate buy→bought
run→ran see→saw take→took make→made
BEGINNING: Set the scene
Where? When? Who?
"One sunny morning, Raju found a strange box in his garden."
MIDDLE: The events / problem
What happened? What was the problem?
"Inside was a tiny, hurt sparrow..."
END: Solution/Conclusion
How did it end? What was learnt?
"He nursed the bird back to health, and one day it flew away..."
TIPS:
Use interesting adjectives
Use time words: first, then, next, finally
Give characters names
Add dialogue: "Hello!" said the sparrow.
☀ Sun heats water
↑ EVAPORATION (liquid→vapour)
│
───────────────
☁ CLOUD FORMATION
(CONDENSATION: vapour→droplets)
│
↓ PRECIPITATION
🌧 Rain / ❄ Snow
│
─────┴─────────────────────────
River Lake Ground Ocean
│
└─────► Evaporation again...
THE CYCLE NEVER STOPS!
Sources of water:
Rivers, lakes, ponds, wells (fresh water)
Rainwater harvesting → collect rain on rooftops
Ocean/Sea (salty water — cannot drink directly)
Groundwater → bore wells, hand pumps
FOOD CHAIN shows WHO EATS WHOM:
SUN → Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Eagle
(Producer)(Primary (2nd (3rd (Top
Consumer) Consumer)Consumer) Consumer)
RULES of food chain:
→ Always starts with a PLANT (producer)
→ Plants make food using sunlight
→ Each arrow means "is eaten by"
→ Energy flows from left to right
Another food chain:
Phytoplankton → Small fish → Big fish → Shark
FOOD WEB = many food chains connected
COMMUNITY HELPERS and their work:
👮 Police Officer → keeps us safe, maintains law
👨⚕️ Doctor → treats sick people
🧑🏫 Teacher → educates children
👨🌾 Farmer → grows food for everyone
🧑🚒 Firefighter → puts out fires, rescues people
🧑🔧 Plumber → fixes water pipes
💈 Barber → cuts hair
📮 Postman → delivers letters/parcels
🧹 Sanitation worker → keeps streets clean
🚌 Bus driver → transports people
ALL work is important and must be respected!
TYPES OF SOIL:
Sandy soil: ○ ○ ○ Dry, drains fast
○ ○ ○ ○ Not good for crops
Good for drainage/construction
Clay soil: ▪▪▪▪▪ Smooth, holds water well
▪▪▪▪ Heavy, sticky when wet
Good for pots, pottery
Loamy soil: Mixed (best for farming!)
Has sand + clay + silt + organic matter
IMPORTANCE OF SOIL:
✓ Plants grow in it (food!)
✓ Home for earthworms, insects
✓ Filters water (reaches groundwater)
✓ Used to make bricks, pots
सामान्य वाक्य (Statement):
राम स्कूल जाता है। (Ram goes to school.)
प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य (Question):
क्या राम स्कूल जाता है? (Does Ram go to school?)
राम कहाँ जाता है? (Where does Ram go?)
आज्ञावाचक वाक्य (Command):
यहाँ आओ। (Come here.)
शांत रहो। (Be quiet.)
विस्मयवाचक वाक्य (Exclamation):
वाह! क्या सुंदर फूल है! (Wow! What a beautiful flower!)
हाय! मैं हार गया! (Oh no! I lost!)
सुंदर = खूबसूरत, मनोहर (beautiful)
घर = मकान, आवास (home/house)
पानी = जल, वारि (water)
आँख = नेत्र, नयन (eye)
माँ = माता, अम्मा (mother)
राजा = नरेश, भूपति (king)
Maths:
English:
EVS:
Hindi:
Class 3 complete NCERT notes — 4-digit numbers, multiplication, division, fractions, parts of speech, tenses, soil plants animals, food chain, water cycle, our community with diagrams.
30 pages · 1.1 MB · Updated 2026-03-11
Division means splitting into equal groups. 12÷3=4 means: 12 objects split into 3 equal groups gives 4 in each group. Division is opposite of multiplication: if 4×3=12, then 12÷3=4 and 12÷4=3.
Water cycle: Evaporation (water from rivers/sea becomes vapour when heated by sun) → Condensation (vapour cools and forms clouds) → Precipitation (rain/snow falls from clouds) → Collection (water collects in rivers/lakes/soil) → Evaporation again. It never stops!
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