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PLACE VALUE CHART:
Hundreds │ Tens │ Ones
─────────┼────────┼──────
│ 3 │ 7 → 37 = 30 + 7
│ ███ │ ███████
│ ███ │
│ ███ │
Reading numbers:
47 = 4 tens + 7 ones = "forty-seven"
83 = 8 tens + 3 ones = "eighty-three"
60 = 6 tens + 0 ones = "sixty"
Expanded form:
54 = 50 + 4
29 = 20 + 9
91 = 90 + 1
Comparing numbers:
47 > 39 (47 is greater, tens digit 4 > 3)
28 < 82 (28 is smaller, tens digit 2 < 8)
55 = 55 (equal)
Symbols: > (greater than) < (less than) = (equal to)
WITHOUT carry: WITH carry:
T O T O
3 4 2 7 ← ones: 7+5=12
+ 2 5 + 1 5 ← write 2, carry 1 to tens
───── ─────
5 9 4 2 ← tens: 2+1+1(carry)=4
MORE EXAMPLES:
46+37: 58+26:
T O T O
4 6 5 8
+ 3 7 + 2 6
───── ─────
↑ ones: 6+7=13 ↑ ones: 8+6=14
8 3 ← write 3, carry 1 8 4 ← write 4, carry 1
tens: 4+3+1=8 tens: 5+2+1=8
WITHOUT borrowing: WITH borrowing:
T O T O
5 7 4 3 ← ones: 3-7 can't do!
− 2 4 − 1 7 ← borrow 1 ten from tens
───── ─────
3 3 2 6
Borrowing:
Borrow 1 from tens (tens becomes 4-1=3)
Add 10 to ones (ones becomes 3+10=13)
13 - 7 = 6 (ones)
3 - 1 = 2 (tens)
Answer: 26
TABLE OF 2: TABLE OF 3: TABLE OF 5:
2×1= 2 3×1= 3 5×1= 5
2×2= 4 3×2= 6 5×2=10
2×3= 6 3×3= 9 5×3=15
2×4= 8 3×4=12 5×4=20
2×5=10 3×5=15 5×5=25
2×6=12 3×6=18 5×6=30
2×7=14 3×7=21 5×7=35
2×8=16 3×8=24 5×8=40
2×9=18 3×9=27 5×9=45
2×10=20 3×10=30 5×10=50
TABLE OF 10:
10×1=10 10×2=20 10×3=30 ... 10×10=100
TRICK: Just add a 0! (10×7=70, 10×9=90)
Multiplication = Repeated Addition:
4×3 = 3+3+3+3 = 12 (4 groups of 3)
5×2 = 2+2+2+2+2 = 10 (5 groups of 2)
LENGTH:
Centimetre (cm) for small things: pencil, book
Metre (m) for bigger things: door, room
1 metre = 100 centimetres
Ruler shows cm:
|──|──|──|──|──|──|──|──|──|──|
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 cm
WEIGHT:
Gram (g) for light things: eraser, biscuit
Kilogram (kg) for heavy things: yourself, bag of rice
1 kg = 1000 g
TIME:
Clock has 2 hands:
Short hand → shows HOUR
Long hand → shows MINUTES
1 hour = 60 minutes
1 day = 24 hours
1 week = 7 days
Days: Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
NOUN — name of person, place, animal, or thing
Persons: Rahul, teacher, mother, doctor
Places: Delhi, school, park, market
Animals: dog, cat, elephant, sparrow
Things: book, pen, ball, table
VERB — action word (what someone does)
run jump eat sing dance read write sleep play
ADJECTIVE — describing word (tells about noun)
big small red hot cold sweet old new
Examples:
big elephant small ant red apple
hot sun cold water sweet mango
SENTENCES:
The big dog runs fast.
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
Art Adj Noun Verb+Adverb
PRESENT TENSE (happening now):
I eat rice. She reads a book.
They play cricket. He runs fast.
PAST TENSE (happened before):
I ate rice. She read a book.
They played cricket. He ran fast.
FUTURE TENSE (will happen):
I will eat rice. She will read a book.
They will play cricket. He will run fast.
Read → Understand → Find answer in passage → Write
Types of questions:
What? → Find the thing/event
Who? → Find the person
Where? → Find the place
When? → Find the time
Why? → Find the reason
How? → Find the method
PLANT SOURCES: ANIMAL SOURCES:
Fruits: mango, apple 🍎 Milk: from cow, buffalo 🐄
Vegetables: potato 🥔 Eggs: from hen 🐓
Grains: wheat, rice 🌾 Honey: from bees 🐝
Pulses: dal, peas Meat: fish, chicken 🐟
PROCESSED FOODS (made from raw food):
Wheat → flour → chapati/bread
Milk → curd → butter → ghee/cheese
Sugarcane → sugar → sweets/chocolate
JUNK FOOD vs HEALTHY FOOD:
Healthy: Dal, sabzi, roti, fruits, salad, milk
Junk: Chips, cold drinks, fried food, candy
LAND TRANSPORT:
🚶 Walking (no fuel!)
🚲 Bicycle (no fuel, environment friendly)
🛵 Scooter/Motorcycle (petrol)
🚗 Car (petrol/diesel/electric)
🚌 Bus (many passengers, diesel/CNG)
🚂 Train (electricity/diesel, fastest on land)
WATER TRANSPORT:
🚣 Rowboat ⛵ Sailboat
🚢 Ship ⛴ Ferry
AIR TRANSPORT:
✈ Aeroplane (fastest of all)
🚁 Helicopter
FASTEST: Aeroplane > Train > Car > Bicycle > Walking
TYPES OF HOUSES:
Pucca house (brick/concrete): permanent, strong
┌──────────────────────┐
│ 🏠 Brick walls │
│ Concrete roof │
│ Glass windows │
└──────────────────────┘
Kutcha house (mud/wood/straw): temporary
/\/\/\ ← thatched roof
│ │
│mud │
│wall│
Apartment: Many families in one tall building 🏢
Tent/Hut: Portable, tribes/nomads
Houseboat: On water (Kashmir) 🛶
क + मात्राएँ:
क = k का = kaa कि = ki की = kee
कु = ku कू = koo के = ke को = ko
शब्द (Words):
काम = work खाना = food गाना = song
पानी = water रानी = queen दादी = grandmother
माता = mother पिता = father भाई = brother
बहन = sister घर = home स्कूल = school
वाक्य (Sentences):
मेरा नाम राहुल है। (My name is Rahul.)
यह मेरी किताब है। (This is my book.)
आम बहुत मीठा है। (Mango is very sweet.)
मुझे स्कूल जाना है। (I have to go to school.)
१=एक २=दो ३=तीन ४=चार ५=पाँच
६=छह ७=सात ८=आठ ९=नौ १०=दस
११=ग्यारह १२=बारह १३=तेरह १४=चौदह १५=पंद्रह
१६=सोलह १७=सत्रह १८=अठारह १९=उन्नीस २०=बीस
Maths:
English:
EVS:
Hindi:
Class 2 complete NCERT notes — place value, addition with carry, multiplication tables, sentences, punctuation, animals, food, transport, shelter, seasons with diagrams and examples.
28 pages · 1.0 MB · Updated 2026-03-11
Place value tells us the value of each digit based on its position. In 47: 4 is in tens place (value=40), 7 is in ones place (value=7). So 47 = 40 + 7. In 83: 8 tens = 80, 3 ones = 3, so 83 = 80+3.
Start with 2s (doubling), then 5s (ends in 0 or 5), then 10s (add zero). Use skip counting: 3,6,9,12... for table of 3. Make flashcards. Practice daily. Use rhymes or songs for difficult ones.
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